http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/39519/story.htmPenguins Offer Evidence of Global Warming - Scientist
MCMURDO STATION, Antarctica - The first Adelie penguin chicks of the season -- black fluffballs small enough to hold in the hand -- started hatching this month, and the simple fact that there are more of them in the south and fewer of them further north is a sign of global warming, scientists say.
Smaller than the more majestic Emperor penguins, the Adelies have some 193 colonies that have a total population of 2.5 million breeding pairs, said researcher David Ainley in a telephone interview from his camp at the penguin rookery at Cape Royds in Antarctica.
"We're looking for dramatic right-hand turns (in the penguin population), which are happening now," Ainley said. "The rate of Adelie penguin colony disappearance is accelerating as the sea ice disappears."
As the northern sea ice vanishes and penguin populations decrease, southern penguin colonies flourish as the sea ice loosens, making it easier for them to dive and fish, he said.
Adelies and Emperors are the two species of penguin that live on sea ice; all other penguins dwell in open water.
"Adelies and Emperors have the ability to cope with sea ice," Ainley said. "They have an incredible ability to lay on layers of fat when the sea ice is heavy."
For example, he said, Adelies can hold their breath for six minutes at a time and Emperors can go without a breath for 20 minutes at a time, allowing both species to forage for food underneath the ice.