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There are several reasons that Bush was so successful at doing so much damage--i.e. doing what he wanted. Obama, as you will see, does not have these same advantages.
1. A party that discourages diversity of thought. The Repubs are driven by powerful interest groups and talk radio, all that spew out the same organized set of talking points. Republicans who might dissent cower in fear of groups like Club for Growth, who keep them in line. This means Bush could always count on congressional Republican unity, even in the Senate.
By contrast, the Democratic party attracts people with a greater diversity of philosophy. Democrats lack powerful interest groups that threaten primary challenges against dissenting Democrats (and many centrist Democrats are from areas of the country where there basically ARE no liberals that could keep them in line, i.e. the south or Nebraska). Unlike Bush, Obama has to actually worry whether these centrist/conservative Democrats will support his bills. Hence the "bipartisan fetish" that people here ignorantly whine about.
2. Effective congressional leaders AND Incompetent opposition leaders. When the Dems were in the minority, they were led by fairly timid people. I'm speaking mostly of Tom Daschle and Harry Reid. They refused to do anything to oppose major portions of Bush's agenda, the biggest example being the Iraq War. I still remember being sick listening to Tom Daschle pledging to give the president all the support he needs. Harry Reid was not much better. The Repubs were able to become an efficient rubber stamp for Bush's agenda through competent leadership. They used the novel idea in the Senate that you only need 51 votes to pass legislation.
By contrast, Obams deals with Democratic leaders unwilling to assert themselves and an opposition party united in the single goal of tearing down anything he does. Meanwhile Harry Reid has magically raised the vote threshold for EVERYTHING to 60 votes--instant costless filibuster. So not only does Obama have to worry ANYWAY about pleasing more conservative members of his own party to get 51 votes because there are not enough liberals in the senate, but he REALLY has to try to be bipartisan to get anything passed over Harry Reid's artificially enhanced threshold.
3. Utter disregard for boundaries--the constitution/international law. Bush was so slavishly devoted to his ideology that he would flout and ignore rules and laws that bound his decision making. The biggest examples are torture and the Iraq War. If you don't care about the rule of law or what the consequences of your actions are, you can accomplish a lot.
Obama respects the boundaries to his power like the constitution and international law, which is a great thing. We want our leaders to follow the law, even if they disagree with the law. Otherwise the president becomes a de facto legislator and is abusing his power. If you think that Obama should flout laws like DOMA and DADT because they are wrong, imagine Bush flouting the Voting Rights Act or social security or anti-torture laws (oops, he actually did that). I'm sure Bush thought anti-torture laws were wrong when "national security" was involved, but that sure as hell didn't give him the right to ignore said laws.
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