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To them, indoctrination (as in what you were taught as truth as a child when you had very little perspective and knowledge) is actually fact, and fact (the real knowledge you accumulate by learning and becoming educated and experiencing things) is actually indoctrination because you're not getting it straight from parents, family or tradition. See, the emphasis is on the assumption that you should only be raised however your family opts to raise you, and your outside experiences should never challenge that.
The biggest key for me is to find out if people are willing to try and expand their knowledge, or to see if they think they have all they need. Usually the conservative is the one that isn't actively seeking to learn, explore, etc... and instead has convictions that they won't give up, regardless of how much the facts seem to be against them. Their own 'facts' are all that matter, of course. This is just so telling of people...
Also, as a side-effect of their actual indoctrination, their mind refuses to accept any facts that are contrary to the shield it puts up. I speak from experience on that one, as growing up I had the same problem - even though I rejected most everything, there were still some things that got through that I didn't even realize until years later.
More toward your question though, I've always attributed conservatives thinking they're smarter/better people based on the fact that ones that think that way seem to most often fit the successful white male 'anyone can succeed like me if they try hard enough' businessman. They seem to always have religious undertones, which makes them think they have the high road on morality, while at the same implying a social darwinistic type of view about things.
Most professors tend to lean left for obvious reasons. They are the ones actually teaching the people out in the 'real world' what they know, remember. They're not stupid, and usually they have well-rounded educations. Honestly though - and I shouldn't even have to say this - it takes a hell of a lot more brainpower to study and teach, say, philosophy, than it does to win in the crapshoot business world.
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