First Constitution of the Soviet Union, 1918
The first constitution of the new Soviet state--the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic--was adopted by the Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918. It is notable for its uncompromising encouragement of world revolution and the complete overthrow of capitalism. There is no hint here that the "suppressing (of) all exploitation of man by man" as announced in Chap. II presaged any commitment to political democracy as practised in the West. Power was highly centralized and exercised by the Communist party to the exclusion of all other political parties. Furthermore, Sec.2, Chap. IX, para. 23 suggests the impossibility of any organized opposition proving successful in the face of overwhelming state power. Thus, for example, the vote was denied to bourgeois elements, ex- (pre-revolutionary)-policemen and clergy. And whereas Karl Marx in his vision of the socialist future had looked forward to a society in which man gave according to his abilities and got according to his needs, the Leninist version reads more menacingly: "He who does not work shall not eat," a prescription that was carried over word for word into Stalin's later constitution of 1936.
With the reconstitution of the Soviet republics (Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia, Georgia, et al.) into the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1923, a new constitution was adopted in 1924. There, also, the monopoly of power by the Communist party was retained. That constitution in turn was replaced by Stalin's Constitution of 1936 which was, like the earlier efforts, a mere façade of the democracy it professed to install.Sounds real liberal.
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