Reply #11: Consumers use hairdryers in the bathroom everyday. They use

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cell phones at the gas station... and they text while driving.

Safe, high-energy supercapacitors based on solvent-free ionic liquid electrolytes

Catia Arbizzania, Maurizio Biso1, a, Dario Cericola2, a, Mariachiara Lazzaria, Francesca Soavia and Marina Mastragostino, a,
aUniversity of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, via S. Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
Received 5 August 2008; revised 8 September 2008; accepted 10 September 2008. Available online 19 September 2008.
Abstract
Safety is the main concern for energy storage-system application in hybrid-electrical vehicles (HEVs) and ionic liquids (ILs) of low vapor pressure and high thermal stability represent a strategy to meet this key requisite. The use of solvent-free ILs in supercapacitors enables the high cell voltages required for increasing supercapacitor energy up to the values for power-assist application in HEVs. In order to exploit the wide electrochemical stability window of ILs, tailored electrode materials and cell configurations have to be used. The performance of asymmetric double-layer carbon supercapacitors (AEDLCs) and carbon/poly(3-methylthiophene) hybrid supercapacitors operating with different pyrrolidinium-based ILs are reported and compared. This study demonstrates that a design-optimized AEDLC operating with safe, solvent-free IL electrolyte meets cycling stability and the energy and power requisites for power-assisted HEVs at the investigated temperatures.
Keywords: Ionic liquid; Double-layer supercapacitor; Hybrid supercapacitor; Activated carbon; Poly(3-methylthiophene); Power-assisted HEV