Reply #29: M. Grousset, in "Empire of the Steppes" says:

[bemildred]

"Lastly, the Mongols were accustomed to ridding themselves
of defeated foes in the steppe by massacres or wholesale deportations,
or by collective enrollment under the White Banner. In sedentary
countries, however, and especially among the swarming people of
China, massacres made little impression - there were always more
inhabitants to take the place of those slain."

This is a matter that Orwell raised in one of his essays as well,
and that get too little thought in discussions about war and ethnic
conflicts. When the numbers involved on either side become large,
it becomes infeasible to eliminate ones enemies permanently, and it
requires planning, endurance, and determination to even take a
serious shot at it.

"There is no quick, easy way out. We're going to have to live
through our whole lives win, lose, or draw" -- Walt Kelley