On a technical weight isn't a factor, so for sustained rate, water-cooled is the way to go. Vickers MG platoons used to routinely fire barrages during WW1 of 100,000 rounds per gun in a night.
![](http://i2.bebo.com/050b/11/large/2010/03/14/06/8741721356a12310605779l.jpg)
Here's Ma Deuce's granddaddy, the M1921 water-cooled Browning .50!
![](http://i116.photobucket.com/albums/o12/skykapt/displays/HMG.jpg)
On the anti-aircraft mount the condensation can was replaced with a water chest, radiator and a pump with two hoses to the water jacket to circulate the water for even better cooling. While water-cooled guns have gone out of US service, the Russians still put it to good use. The ZSU-23-4 owes its impressive rate of fire to the fact the guns are water cooled.
![](http://www.defencetalk.com/pictures/data/5009/medium/ZSU-23-4_firing_Chechnya.jpg)