They use double letters in transcription to represent long letters (like the difference in Italian between -ata and -atta) or Czech vowels with and without an accent (Hungarian uses double accents).
"q" is just a uvular voiceless stop. A lot of languages have them. Some have more complicated kinds of uvulars; not this one. English only uses q where Latin had it (where it really stands for either kw or just k) or in transcription from languages where the transcriber wants to preserve the meaningful differences in the source language (like pulling a word from Arabic script to English). It's an unnecessary interloper in English, and I think of using q for Arabic as equivalent to spelling "Putin" with a ,: "Put,in" or a superscript j after the t to show palatalization.
You're looking at one orthography, which is vaguely linguistic. Use a different system and there'd be 4 ks. One of the standard orthographies in Nunavut, her name is written using what's called "syllabics" (abugida, really) where initial consonants are written but vowels are secondarily represented. Hence the superscripts for what would be regular typeface if the "q" was at the start of a syllable.different.
As for the second script (the one with the mirrored ? and the b, more or less), I'll just say that the person who devised it really shouldn't have been allowed near the bars and pharmacies. He probably thought it was clever and scientific.