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enacted by a server within the domain and subnet that allows computers to get an IP address when they first start up, rather than manually putting an IP address in to a computer for it to connect on the network.
So, a machine logs into the network when it starts up and it gets an IP address of 10.10.10.10 (for example) and shortly thereafter the DNS server and all the switches know that this machine name, located in this location is using this IP address so that traffic can be routed to it.
Leases are normally temporary and usually for five days or less, so if this machine goes offline for a period of a week or more, and then comes back up and connects to the network, this time that particular IP address might not be available and a new IP address is assigned to this computer's network card. Another computer a couple days prior likely signed in and got the first IP address and after a short time, the DNS server and all the switches know that this IP address is now assigned to this machine which is located in THIS location instead.
This really isn't a good place to get into the complexities of networking but essentially when you type in a URL to go to a web page, that URL is resolved by a domain name server to an IP address, which is eventually resolved from an IP address to the MAC address (hardware address) of the network card in that computer.
If you are really interested in networking, there are some excellent books that will give you a lot of information about it.
Hope that helps
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