Freud's question was :
"What is the nature of mental change which groups force upon the individual?" His wrote that it was the libido, a form of love, that was the binding force that people experience in groups.
We call by that name the energy regarded as a quantitative magnitude (though not at present actually measurable), of those instincts which have to do with all that may be comprised under the word "love." The connection comes from the emotional ties that are expressions of libido (de Board, p,17).
Freud used as examples to describe his ideas the Army and the Church both artificial organizations which one may not leave without persecution. He writes that the same illusion holds each organization together, that there is a head who loves all in the group with an equal love. In the church, it is Christ. And in the army it is the commander in chief.
Two key concepts: Identification and transference.
Anyone tell me what you think these concepts are?
Identification is a concept that Freud introduced--in this process, the person wishing to be like the other person, "introjects' that person (the head of the organization) into his ego. This is the psychological process where the members of a group, wishing to identify with their leader, incorporate his ideas and attitudes and make them their own.
The other key notion that is critical in thinking about groups is Freud's notion of transference--that the love that we experienced as an infant, and is now gone, is renewed and found in current love relationships. Freud believed that at the heart of all relationships, there was transference--the notion that some of what was going on was a hope to retrieve the long lost and still longed for bliss of the oneness with mother.
Transference happens in psychoanalysis. It also happens in the relationship within groups and in relationship to the leader of groups. The leader of a group can be loved, and when he or she disappoints us, will be reviled as no other. (Think of our country's response to Clinton's fall from grace--when he showed us to be no more extraordinary than any of the rest of us--and how viciously he was pursued.)
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/hhd2002/Winter/GroupPsychologyLecture.doc