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It doesn't take more government to enforce anti-abortion laws than the rest. Moreover, those are usually state workers, not really federal workers.
They were against the Dept. of Education, against the Great Society and the War against Poverty, EPA, and other branches of government that I can't recall. Didn't much care for Social Security, at all.
They've traditionally been in favor of strong defense/military (even spooks) and overall minimal (federal) government. Generally low taxes, low governmental overhead. They've also traditionally been more in favor of laissez-faire capitalism than a heavily mixed economic system. And I guess one older definition conservatism is a dispreference for seeing the system changed (which sounds rather like some dems these days!), or looking to traditional solutions for society's problems.
There's talk of state rights, but I personally don't buy a lot of it. Dems and repubs each invoke state rights whenever they can score political points off of it. It's been the case, I think, that a dem congress and dem prez produced more scoring opportunities for repubs, a mixed congress/prez still favored having repubs cry "states rights", but with a repub congress/prez, dems can score points.
Nixon was a strange republican, but those were strange times. SALT (I think) with Russia, opening China/derecognizing Taiwan, price controls, getting us out of Vietnam, and signing the EPA into existence.
Under Reagan, taxes were cut(repub point), but the overall size of nearly every government program grew--more money spent, more employees. He tried to cut the Dept. of Education, but it grew by leaps under his aegis. I couldn't tell at the time if he was really against all the non-defense increases, or just some; both houses of congress were controlled by dems, and the budgets he submitted were barely recognizable at the other end. I seem to recall he once refused to sign a budget bill (a la Big Dog, maybe for the same deficit-cutting reasons), but there was a media backlash against Reagan. Upshot: Massive deficits.
The real shift came, I think, with the baby boomer presidents: Clinton wasn't a traditional dem, and Bush II isn't a traditional repub.
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