This report focused on environmental concerns, but also addressed other issues that are "hot" now in 2005.
So far, pro-business advocacy in state judicial elections appears to have had some notable, but limited, effects on the strength and scope of state environmental protection policies. But the threat to environmental protection standards in state judicial elections will likely increase in the years ahead.
While this report focuses on the environmental issue, the environment is by no means the only, or necessarily the most prominent, issue in most judicial elections. Term limits and the death penalty, for example, have been hotly debated in certain state elections in years past. Today if there is a single issue of unifying concern to the business community in state judicial elections, it is "tort reform," a blanket term referring to the business community's effort to limit companies' financial liability to consumers, employees, homeowners and other members of the public. Tort reform encompasses questions about potential liability for environmental harms. But tort reform is obviously much broader than the environmental issue. The environmental issue also includes distinct questions about the scope of government authority to regulate environmental risks and manage natural resources.
This report reinforces frequently expressed concerns about the fairness and integrity of state judicial elections in general. From one standpoint, it is not surprising, so long as judges are selected at the ballot box, that interest groups will attempt to influence the outcome of these races. Certain groups have called for the appointment rather than the election of state judges, and the findings in this report arguably provide some support for that recommendation. But there has been little popular enthusiasm for this idea around the country.
However, even if one accepts the inherently "political" nature of state judicial elections, this report provides grounds for public concern about disproportionate influence by well-heeled special interest groups, conscious efforts to disguise or misrepresent the ideological or financial interests being served by certain advocacy efforts, and misleading reports and rhetorical attacks on judicial candidates. All of these problems are compounded by the relatively low public visibility of state judicial elections.
One of the most striking features of recent state judicial elections is the extent to which pro-business advocacy groups and their allies are using the label "judicial activist" to criticize judicial candidates whom they oppose on ideological grounds. The label "activist" is being consistently attached to judges whose votes tend to disfavor business interests, regardless of whether the label accurately describes the judges' actual method of decision-making. From all appearances, the rhetoric about "judicial activism" has been selected simply because it is believed to convey a negative impression about a candidate. Hopefully one service provided by this report will be to encourage the media and the general public to look beyond the misleading rhetoric that has dominated state judicial elections.
http://www.law.georgetown.edu/gelpi/sjelect/