It doesn't matter to Bush. It didn't matter to Poppy Doc and Panama, either.
EXPLORING STATE CRIMINALITY: THE INVASION OF PANAMARonald C. Kramer
Western Michigan University
Title: State Crime, The Media, And The Invasion of Panama.
Authors: Christina Jacqueline Johns and P. Ward Johnson.
Publisher: Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
Year: 1994.
Title: The Panama Deception.
Director: Barbara Trent.
Writer and Editor: David Kasper.
Narrator: Elizabeth Montgomery.
Released: Empowerment Project, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. A Rhino Home Video Release. (1992) 91 minutes.
One of the most important, yet neglected, areas of criminological inquiry is that of state criminality. The nation-state, through its organizational structures and state managers, has historically engaged in numerous violations of its own criminal and civil laws, as well as various forms of international law. Many of these state crimes have been exceedingly violent, destructive, and costly. Despite the frequency of state criminality and the enormous social harm that it causes, the discipline of criminology has paid scant attention to this form of illegal behavior. Only a few criminologists have undertaken any empirical or theoretical work in this area. And a recent analysis of criminal justice and criminology textbooks shows that "political" crime of any type gets very little coverage. (Tunnell, 1993a).
The neglect of crimes by the state, however, appears to be changing. A number of works dealing with state criminality have appeared in recent years (Chambliss, 1989; Perdue, 1989; Barak, 1991; Kauzlarich, Kramer, and Smith, 1992; Tunnell, 1993b; Kramer, 1992; 1994) and some textbooks now contain a chapter on the topic (Beirne and Messerschmidt, 1991; Sykes and Cullen, 1992). The book and film under review here are part of what I hope will be a growing trend among criminologists and others to explore the nature, extent, causes, and social control of state criminality.
Both the book by Christina Johns and P. Ward Johnson and the Oscar winning film by director Barbara Trent, focus on one specific act of state violence: the illegal invasion of Panama by the United States in December of 1989. State Crime, The Media, and The Invasion of Panama, and The Panama Deception, both cover the same general ground in presenting their case studies of this illegal armed intervention. Both sketch out the broad historical context of U.S.-Panamanian relations, document the shift in U.S. policy toward General Manuel Antonio Noriega, critique the reasons that President George Bush offered for what he called "Operation Just Cause," analyze the complicity of the U.S. media in the affair, reveal the destructive consequences of the attack on Panama and its devastating aftermath, and offer some thoughts about the future of the United States and the region of Latin America.
Along the way, both the film and the book address a number of important criminological concerns. In addition to simply raising the critical issue of state violence and political crime, these works present some critical insights into the political economy of state criminality, the nature of international law and selective criminalization, and the problems of social control concerning institutional and organizational offenders.
Johns and Johnson open their book by sketching out the political and economic context in which the invasion of Panama took place. They use the concept of "rollback" to analyze U.S. foreign policy actions in the postwar period. Rollback is "the determination of U.S. policy elites to return to a precommunist world, with the final goals of eliminating communism in the USSR and establishing free-market capitalism worldwide" (p.6). Rollback emerged as an especially potent force during the Reagan-Bush years and in fact, "the new world order" touted by Bush "was nothing more than a vision of successful rollback with the United States in control" (p. 6).
CONTINUED...
http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol3is2/state.html The apple doesn't fall far from the tree.