This is a Wikipedia article about the Catholic churches involvement in mass murder, forced conversions and other atrocities in Croatia during WW11. These people were so ruthless, they even shocked the German Nazi's. There's a lot of other information on the web about this with gruesome photo's to awfull to post here. 200+ priests and nuns charged with participating with atrocities were executed, others received long prison sentences.
Catholic clergy involvement with the Ustaša covers the role of the Croatian Catholic Church in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a Nazi puppet state created on the territory of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia in 1941. The NDH was controlled by the Ustaše movement.
The creation of the Independent State of Croatia was initially welcomed by the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and by many Catholic priests. Ante Pavelić, the head of the Ustaša, was anti-Serb and pro-Catholic, viewing Catholicism as an integral part of Croat culture.<1> Cornwell views the "ancient loyalties to the papacy going back thirteen hundred years" as one of the historical legacies that "underpinned the formation of the NDH" along with Catholic Croat resentment against Orthodox Serbs.<2>
For the Ustaša, "relations with the Vatican were as important as relations with Germany" because Vatican recognition was the key to widespread Croat support.<1> Ante Pavelić was received in a private papal audience in Rome in May 1941, just after becoming dictator of Croatia.<3> According to Phayer, "after receiving a papal blessing in 1941, Ante Pavelić and his Ustaša lieutenants unleashed an unspeakable genocide in their new country".<4> However, Pius XII refused to cut diplomatic ties with the Ustaša regime and met Pavelić again in 1943.<4> Pius XII was criticized for his reception of Pavelić: an unattributed British Foreign Office memo on the subject described Pius XII as "the greatest moral coward of our age."<5> For their part, the Vatican hoped the Ustaša would defeat Communism and reconvert many of the 200,000 who had left the Catholic Church for the Serbian Orthodox Church since World War I.<1>
Role in Ustaše violence
(photo) Execution of prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp, run by Franciscan Miroslav Filipović<6><9>
It is well-known that many Catholic clergy members participated directly or indirectly in Ustaša campaigns of violence, as is attested to in the work of Corrado Zoli (Italian) and Evelyn Waugh (English).<10> The most notorious example is that of Franciscan Miroslav Filipović, known as "the devil of Jasenovac" for running the Jasenovac concentration camp, where estimates of the number killed range between 49,600 and 600,000.<6><9><11>
Ivan Šarić is believed to have been the "worst" of the Catholic bishops who supported the Ustaša; his diocesan newspaper wrote: "there is no limit to love. The movement of liberation of the world from the Jews is a movement for the renewal of human dignity. Omniscient and omnipotent God stands behind this movement".<7> Bishop Šarić also appropriated Jewish property for his own use.<7>
Some Catholic priests even served in the personal bodyguard of Pavelić, including Ivan Guberina, a leader of the Croatian Catholic movement, a form of Catholic Action.<6> Another, Bozidas Bralo, was the chief of the security police in Sarajevo, who initiated many antisemitic actions.<6> In order to consolidate the Ustashe party power, much of the party work in Bosnia and Herzegovina Jure Francetić (an Ustaše Commissioner of this province), was put in the hands of Catholic priests.<12>
One Catholic priest, Mate Mugos wrote that clergy should put down the prayer book and take up the revolver.<6> Another, Dyonisy Juricev, wrote in the Novi list that to kill seven-year-olds was not a sin.<6>
Phayer argues that "establishing the fact of genocide in Croatia prior to the Holocaust carries great historical weight for our study because Catholics were the perpetrators and not, as in Poland, the victims".<13>
Forced conversions
As Pavelić's government cracked down on the Orthodox Serbs, along with the Jewish, Muslim, and Protestant Germanic minorities, the Catholic clergy took steps to encourage Orthodox Serbs to convert to Catholicism.<14> By July 14, 1941—"anticipating its selective conversion policy and eventual goal of genocide"—the Croatian Ministry of Justice instructed the Croatian episcopate that "priests or schoolmasters or, in a word, any of the intelligentisa—including rich Orthodox tradesmen and artisans" should not be admitted.<15> Those that were pre-rejected from the "coming program of enforced conversion" were deported and killed, although many that converted met the same fate.<16>
In addition, Catholic Croats appropriated many churches that were "vacated or requisitioned" from the Orthodox Serbs.<16> The Catholic episcopate and HKP, the Croatian branch of Catholic Action, a lay organization, were involved in the coordination and administration of these policies.<16>
Role of the Vatican
According to historian Michael Phayer, "it is impossible to believe that Stepianic and the Vatican did not know that the Ustasha murders amounted to genocide".<9> Cornwell considers the Catholic involvement important because of: "the Vatican's knowledge of the atrocities, Pacelli's failure to use his good offices to intervene, and the complicity it represented in the Final Solution being planned in northern Europe".<2>
Pius XII was a long-standing supported of Croat nationalism; he hosted a national pilgrimate to Rome in November 1939, for the cause of the canonization of Nicola Tavelic, and largely "confirmed the Ustashe perception of history".<14> In a meeting with Primate Stepinac, Pius XII reiterated the epithet of Pope Leo X, that the Croats were "the outpost of Christianity", a term which itself implied that the Orthodox Serbs were not Christians.<14> Pius XII foretold to Stepinac that:
"The hope of a better future seems to be smling on you, a future in which the relations between Church and State in your country will be regulated in harmonious action to the advantage of both".<14> etc...
Vatican "ratlines"
According to Phayer, "at the end of the war, the leaders of the Ustasha movement, including its clerical supporters such as Bishop Saric, fled the country, taking gold looted from massacred Jews and Serbs with them to Rome".<24>
Pope Pius XII protected Ante Pavelić after World War II, gave him "refuge in the Vatican properties in Rome", and assisted in his flight to South America; Pavelić and Pius XII shared the goal of a Catholic state in the Balkans and were unified in their opposition to the rising Communist state under Tito.<25> Pius XII also believed that Pavelić and other war criminals could not get a fair trial in Yugoslavia.<26> After arriving in Rome in 1946, Pavelić used the Vatican "ratline" to reach Argentina in 1948, along with other Ustaša,<25> Russian, Yugoslav, Italian, and American spies and agents all tried to apprehend Pavelić in Rome but the Vatican refused all cooperation and vigorously defended its extraterritorial status.<3> Pavelić was never captured or tried for his crimes.<25>
According to Phayer, "the Vatican's motivation for harboring Pavelić grew in lockstep with its apprehension about Tito's treatment of the church".<27>
Dozens of Croatian refugees and war criminals were housed in the Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome in Rome.<27> Intelligence reports differed over the location of Pavelić himself.<27> Counter Intelligence Corps agent William Gowen (the son of Franklin Gowen, a US diplomat in the Vatican) was one of those tasked with finding Pavelić; although the CIC hoped the relationship would reveal Pavelić's location, eventually the reverse occurred and the Vatican convinced the US to back off.<28> By the Spring of 1947, the Vatican was putting intense diplomatic pressure on the US and the UK not to extradite Ustaša war criminals to Yugoslavia.<29>
Special Agent Gowen warned in 1947 that, due to Pavelić's record of opposing the Orthodox Church as well as Communism, his "contacts are so high and his present position is so compromising to the Vatican, that any extradition of the subject would be a staggering blow to the Roman Catholic Church".<30> The feared embarrassment of the Church was not due to Pavelić's use of the Vatican "ratline" (which Pavelić at this point, still hoping to return, had not yet committed to using), but rather due to the facts the Vatican believed would be revealed in Pavelić's eventual trial.<31>
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