Iraq war resolution. I remember the "Gulf of Tonkin" resolution back in the Vietnam War. Only TWO Senators voted against it (and no House members). I think this is why our corporate rulers have gone to so much trouble to get control over our election system (with "TRADE SECRET," PROPRIETARY software and firmware in the new electronic voting systems, controlled by Bushite corporations, Diebold and ES&S), and why the war profiteering corporate news monopolies propagandize us so much, and why the Bushites had to lie us into war. We are a peace-loving, justice-loving population, on the whole, and learned hard lessons in Vietnam, Nicaragua, El Salvador and other places, and that is now (or was in 2002) to some extent reflected in our representatives. 156 vs. 2. That's progress.
Financial corruption of the military-corporate variety is why this view was not more reflected in our representatives. 58% of the American people opposed the Iraq war before the invasion. Feb. '03. Yet the majority of Congress voted to give war powers to Bush anyway.
Which brings me to my main point. What the pro-IWR voters did, on that day, was a serious violation of the US Constitution, and their oaths of office. They may not have, technically, voted for invasion; but they gave their power to declare war (or to wage war WITHOUT a declaration) away to Bush. Our Founders designed the "balance of powers" in the Constitution specifically to PREVENT just such an usurpation of power by the executive on war. For Congress to just HAND IT TO HIM was a crime of the first magnitude--
And think about it. IF Congress had not done so, then the UN debate, and the WMD evidence, and Powell's 100% pack of lies speech, and the work of the UN inspectors would all have been evaluated by Congress. Not by Bush. By Congress! --in its rightful role as the ONLY entity in our government permitted to declare war. Many members of Congress felt that whatever threat Iraq posed could be handled by the UN inspectors and diplomacy. What Bush did, by preemptively invading, was to throw the UN inspectors out of the country only a few weeks before their very thorough inspections were finished. Congress could have insisted that the UN inspectors finish their job. What was the rush? What would those few weeks have mattered?
A "declaration of war" was supposed to be a deliberative matter, not a forced, executive-driven rush to war. That was the whole purpose of that provision of the Constitution. And any reasonable person could see--especially after the UN experts' exposure of the Niger (yellowcake acquisition) docs as forgeries--that there was no reason whatsoever to rush and start slaughtering tens of thousands of innocent people, and torturing many others.
The very same crime (violation of their oath of office) was committed by Congress in 1964.
"On August 7, 1964, Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution marking the active involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War. The resolution approves retaliatory air raids against North Vietnam and allows the President to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against U.S. forces and to prevent further aggression in Vietnam. The act serves as the constitutional basis for the escalation of military activity in the region for the next 11 years. Johnson assures Congress, "As I have repeatedly made clear, the United States intends no rashness, and seeks no wider war" (Library of Congress). Johnson would later remark that the resolution was, "like grandma's nightshirt -- it covered everything' (Karnow)."
http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3334The two Senators who voted against the "Gulf on Tonkin" resolution were Wayne Morse (D-Ore) and Ernst Gruening (D-Alaska)--two very great heroes of our Republic. The precedent for Congress abdicating its responsibility to declare war was set back then. In 2002, Sen. Robert Byrd warned against the unconstitutionality of the IWR, but those who voted for it didn't listen. But 156 courageously voted "no," for which we should be very glad. They are:
Senate: 23 "no" votes
Daniel Akaka (D-HI)
Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
Jeff Bingaman (D-NM)
Robert Byrd (D-WV)
Kent Conrad (D-ND)
Jon Corzine (D-NJ)
Mark Dayton (D-MN)
Richard Durbin (D-IL)
Russ Feingold (D-WI)
Bob Graham (D-FL)
Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
Daniel Inouye (D-HI)
Edward Kennedy (D-MA)
Carl Levin (D-MI)
Barbara Mikulski (D-MD)
Patty Murray (D-WA)
Jack Reed (D-RI)
Paul Sarbanes (D-MD)
Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
**Paul David Wellstone (D-MN)** May he rest in peace!
Ron Wyden (D-OR)
Lincoln Chafee (R-RI)
James Jeffords (I-VT)
_____
House "No" votes: 133
DEMOCRATS (126)
Abercrombie (HI-01) Hastings, A. (FL-23) Neal (MA-02)
Allen, T. (ME-01) Hilliard (AL-07) Oberstar (MN-08)
Baca (CA-42) Hinchey (NY-26) Obey (WI-07)
Baird (WA-03) Hinojosa (TX-15) Olver (MA-01)
Baldacci (ME-02) Holt (NJ-12) Owens (NY-11)
Baldwin (WI-02) Honda (CA-15) Pallone (NJ-06)
Barrett (WI-05) Hooley (OR-05) Pastor (AZ-02)
Becerra (CA-30) Inslee (WA-01) Payne (NJ-10)
Blumenauer (OR-03) Jackson, J. (IL-02) Pelosi (CA-08)
Bonior (MI-10) Jackson-Lee, S. (TX-18) Price, D. (NC-04)
Brady, R. (PA-01) Johnson, E.B. (TX-30) Rahall (WV-03)
Brown, C. (FL-03) Jones, S. (OH-11) Rangel (NY-15)
Brown, S. (OH-13) Kaptur (OH-09) Reyes (TX-16)
Capps (CA-22) Kildee (MI-09) Rivers (MI-13)
Capuano (MA-08) Kilpatrick (MI-15) Rodriguez (TX-28)
Cardin (MD-03) Kleczka (WI-04) Roybal-Allard (CA-33)
Carson, J. (IN-10) Kucinich (OH-10) Rush (IL-01)
Clay (MO-01) LaFalce (NY-29) Sabo (MN-05)
Clayton (NC-01) Langevin (RI-02) Sanchez (CA-46)
Clyburn (SC-06) Larsen, R. (WA-02) Sawyer (OH-14)
Condit (CA-18) Larson, J. (CT-01) Schakowsky (IL-09)
Conyers (MI-14) Lee (CA-09) Scott (VA-03)
Costello (IL-12) Levin, S. (MI-12) Serrano (NY-16)
Coyne (PA-14) Lewis, John (GA-05) Slaughter (NY-28)
Cummings (MD-07) Lipinski (IL-03) Snyder (AR-02)
Davis, D. (IL-07) Lofgren (CA-16) Solis (CA-31)
Davis, S. (CA-49) Maloney, J. (CT-05) Stark (CA-13)
DeFazio (OR-04) Matsui (CA-05) Strickland (OH-06)
DeGette (CO-01) McCarthy, K. (MO-05) Stupak (MI-01)
Delahunt (MA-10) McCollum (MN-04) Thompson, B. (MS-02)
DeLauro (CT-03) McDermott (WA-07) Thompson, M. (CA-01)
Dingell (MI-16) McGovern (MA-03) Tierney (MA-06)
Doggett (TX-10) McKinney (GA-04) Towns (NY-10)
Doyle (PA-18) Meek, C. (FL-17) Udall, M. (CO-02)
Eshoo (CA-14) Meeks, G. (NY-06) Udall, T. (NM-03)
Evans (IL-17) Menendez (NJ-13) Velazquez (NY-12)
Farr (CA-17) Millender-McDonald (CA-37) Visclosky (IN-01)
Fattah (PA-02) Miller, George (CA-07) *Waters (CA-35)
Filner (CA-50) Mollohan (WV-01) Watson (CA-32)
Frank, Barney (MA-04) Moran, James (VA-08) Watt, M. (NC-12)
Gonzalez (TX-20) Nadler (NY-08) Woolsey (CA-06)
Gutierrez (IL-04) Napolitano (CA-34) Wu (OR-01)
INDEPENDENTS (1)
Sanders (VT-AL)
REPUBLICANS (6)
Duncan (TN-02) Houghton (NY-31) Morella (MD-08)
Hostettler (IN-08) Leach (IA-01) Paul (TX-14)