Sunday, April 22, 2007
Is Modern Agriculture Killing Bees?
http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2007/04/is-modern-agriculture-killing-bees.html(snip)
North America is the bread basket of the world, and bees are the only known source of pollination of one third of our crops. (Estimated at $14 Billion annually in fruits, nuts and vegetables). Varroa destructor is an external parasitic mite that attacks honey bees. Varroa can only replicate in a honey bee colony. A significant mite infestation will lead to the death of a honey bee colony. Varroa mites were accidentally introduced into the United States in the mid 1980s. Before this time, honey bees were found coast to coast across the United States.
Varroa have led to the virtual elimination of feral bee colonies in many areas and is a major problem for kept bees in apiaries. Now only an estimated 2% of the feral honey bee population remains, and even this derives annually from honey bee swarms from beekeeping operations....
As if the virtual extinction of feral bees was not bad enough and the fact that Queen bees are only living about half as long as they once did....domesticated or apiarie bees are now disappearing at an alarming rate. Since last October, the US has seen a decline in bee populations so dramatic that it eclipses all previous incidences of mass mortality. The ferroa mite may be a contributing factor to what is being called Colony Collapse Disorder, which is threatening hives throughout North America and Europe.
Without explanation and virtually overnight... 30% to 90% of the populations in North American bee husbandry hives have disappeared. East coast colonies are down 70%, west coast are down 60%. In the past unexplained disappearance disorders have been localized events, and it would be bad enough if this was just a localized phenomenon... however...
The CCD phenomenon (with similar mortality rates), has since spread to Europe. Wiping out bee populations in Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece and has been reported in the UK. Since most of the world's crops depend on bees for cross-pollination, CCD could have a huge impact on global food supplies.
Various theories for the disappearances have been bandied about such as varroa mites, mobile phone electro magnetic radiation, pesticides, mercury contamination, global warming and the farming of GM (genetically modified) crops....Much in the same way that prolonged exposure to ACE inhibitors causes immuno deficiency, anemia and nutritional malabsorption in humans.