Life in a company owned world
Snip
In the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, much of the land of West Virginia was taken over by coal companies. Many people sold their land or were forced to sell their land, not knowing what the consequences would be.
The coal companies set up a system that gave them total control of the town and the people. The houses, hospitals, stores and even the churches were company property. To keep the miners and their families even more dependent, the companies created their own form of money, or scrip, which could only be used in the company stores.
The traditionally independent mountaineers soon became trapped in a dead-end, impossible to leave job. Fortunately, the United Mine Workers of America was created in 1897 and unions were introduced to the area.
http://www.as.wvu.edu/engl01/users/students/kmoore/public_html/minewar2.htmGrowing Up on Cabin Creek
An Interview with Arnold Miller
BY MICHAEL KLINE.
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Arnold Miller: My daddy was born in Bell County, in Pineville in East Kentucky, and was forced to migrate out of Kentucky to West Virginia at the age of 14, ostensibly for his organizing activity. He was a veteran miner at the age of 14, had five years in the mines. It's not common for people to understand today that years ago they worked children in the mines. I had a group picture I could show you somewhere here in Charleston. Showed about 30 miners, only two of which were adults. It's odious from looking at the picture that children did work in the mines in the early days. They worked them like slaves. They didn't pay them but damn little, and they dogged them around. Mining is far different today than it was then.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvcoal/miller.html