Ethanol-Journey to ForeverWhat is ethanol?
Ethanol is made by fermenting and then distilling starch and sugar crops -- maize, sorghum, potatoes, wheat, sugar-cane, even cornstalks, fruit and vegetable waste.
The benefits
Ethanol is a much cleaner fuel than petrol (gasoline):
* It is a renewable fuel made from plants
* It is not a fossil-fuel: manufacturing it and burning it does not increase the greenhouse effect
* It provides high octane at low cost as an alternative to harmful fuel additives
* Ethanol blends can be used in all petrol engines without modifications
* Ethanol is biodegradable without harmful effects on the environment
* It significantly reduces harmful exhaust emissions
* Ethanol's high oxygen content reduces carbon monoxide levels more than any other oxygenate: by 25-30%, according to the US EPA
* Ethanol blends dramatically reduce emissions of hydrocarbons, a major contributor to the depletion of the ozone layer
* High-level ethanol blends reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 20%
* Ethanol can reduce net carbon dioxide emissions by up to 100% on a full life-cycle basis
* High-level ethanol blends can reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by 30% or more (VOCs are major sources of ground-level ozone formation)
* As an octane enhancer, ethanol can cut emissions of cancer-causing benzene and butadiene by more than 50%
* Sulphur dioxide and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions are significantly decreased with ethanol.
As I mentioned in my previous post, ethanol production is a Big Deal in Iowa, where production of ethanol from corn is an industry. It's not only an important alternative biofuel, it means jobs.
In Graham's
economic plan, he says:
"...there are currently 7,800 MW of biomass electricity being generated in the US, a $15 billion investment employing 66,000 people. Similarly, the Department of Agriculture estimates that every million gallons of Ethanol produced results in approximate 17,000 new jobs."