several in-depth reviews of her book, such as the Bowles on which you quoted. I will get the book from the library for a more thorough read; however, I'm not sure that her theory on how to interpret this historical period is the only possible interpretation.
I've done a fair amount of reading on early Colonial New England, Virginia, and even the Amish (the Anabaptist movement, now called the Bretherns).
Land reform in Europe took some very twisted steps due to feudalism, the Church (RCC) and the highly charged Reformation and rise of Protestantism. One of the things that occurs to me is the when did the notion of individual ownership of the land (family-owned parcels) arise? It seemed to be a given at the time of Colonial New England.
Towns were granted charters to a vast chunk of land by the Crown. Founding families parcelled it out and the town grid was constructed around a commons, which was more for nighttime security as grazing animals would be herded onto the commons, which was contained within the grid of housing that surrounded the commons and then herders would take the animals out into the non-fenced meadows and such.
Most of the tracts of land granted to the towns were heavily forested, and deforestation practices were employed to yield up fields for planting by individual families.
I spent some time reading the original wills for the time period 1626 to 1750 or so. Only men owned the parcels and this was divided amongst the male heirs until the parcels were too small to be usable -- this caused a constant move out onto the frontier of non-Chartered lands (such as western Massachusetts). These people could not be controlled by the crown.
The only things owned by women in these wills were personal clothing, cooking implements, and jewellry. Mothers were completed dependent upon a son's good will on whether or not they would be supported. Many were not -- and cast out. Many men married multiple times as one wife would die in childbirth, the next one would marry in to rear the existing children and to bear more. Many men fathered 15 to 20 children through serial motherhood. Rampant birthrate due to no birth control was a definite factor in the constant westward movement.
While Cotton Mather fulmimnated about "onanism" or pullout prior to ejaculation, I could not find a whole lot about other forms of birth control -- Satanism was largely blamed for all deformed or birth defect babies and/or spontaneous abortions (miscarriages).
One website details many of the atrocities of Christianity over the centuries, called
Christian Terror. This is where I found the following two incidents:
The Manichean heresy was a crypto-Christian sect that practiced birth control. Its followers were exterminated in huge campaigns all over the Roman Empire, between 372 and 444. Thousands of victims.
The Albigensians, or Cathars viewed themselves as “good Christians”, but did not accept Catholicism, church-taxes, and the prohibition of birth control. The terror began in 1209, on Pope Innocent III’s command; he was the greatest single pre-Nazi mass murderer. Beziers, France was destroyed (22/07/1209) and all its inhabitants slaughtered. Victims included Catholics refusing to turn over their heretic neighbours. 20,000-70,000 died.
Since the first one dates shortly after the Nicene Council of Constantine's time, I find it unusual that the Manichean tradition included a "known" issue of birth control.
Doing a fair amount of reading from times past brought one thing home to me -- this issue is far more than about male power. It's also about extreme hatred for women. Women are to be controlled because they are inherently evil and in league with Satan. It only takes a few hours of reading Christian crap before I'm once again lodged into a mindset of fear and loathing that will take me days to undo.
I'm not so sure that it's capitalism but fear of women who can cause men to do the damnedest things in the name of sex and "love." While we make a great many jokes about men thinking with their "other" brain, they have a core truth. Men who are rational become fools rather quickly. I'm rather surprised that men haven't invented a pill that would effectively eliminate their sexual desire.