I think that being able to recognize when the negative thought patterns are triggered does actually help to solve the problem because you have the ability to change them within yourself.
The next step might be to identify what sparks the downward spiral thinking in the first place, and maybe be able to figure out how to change it there. (Not let it spark you)
Someone antagonized you today, your mind went down that path.
Maybe try to figure out why you were antagonized by them, if it was intentional on their part, then see if you can avoid that person. If it wasn't intentionally meant to hurt you, see if you can figure out why, within your mind, you let it hurt you.
The advice JayHawkSD gave was pretty good, the Ziggy Rule, it is possible that this person who antagonized you is just completely unaware of the effects of their words. So that is surmountable, in that case, let it roll off you like water off a ducks back. It wasn't intentional. Let it go. It can't hurt you.
If it was intentional, then see if you can avoid that person. You don't need someone in your life like that.
I know it sounds 'easy for you to say', where I am not in your shoes, and dealing with the issues that you are dealing with, so I don't know how much this will help you. But hopefully it will give you something to think about. Only we can control our own thoughts, and I stand by "Thoughts are Powerful Things".