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To keep the government running currently, we borrow money, and then pay it back with tax revenues as they come in.
A default will restrict credit, making it harder for everyone to borrow money, including the government.
The crash in 2008, happened in part because financial institutions had been selling each other junk derivatives as if these were top grade investments. When the bottom fell out, all of the financial institutions tightened their lending rules.
Many businesses use credit or revolving debt, to flatten out their cash flow so that they borrow to pay debt, paying down the debt with new income from actual work. When the lending tightened, businesses had to pay bills based almost totally using existing assets. If they had no cash reserves, they had to lay off, sell off, and close doors. Many businesses used a model like this because for a time, having lots of cash laying round seemed like a waste, better to keep the money flowing at near full capacilty all the time. Now, businesses are rethinking that model, hording cash, which is part of why the recovery is as slow as it is. No business wants to get caught with as much debt as they used to be willing to carry.
Most state and local governments have been in the same boat. Which is why they've been laying off people like crazy in the last few years.
Since 2008, financial institutions have slowly been lending more money again. But very slowly. Which slows any recovery.
If we default, lending is very likely to tighten again, perhaps even more severely than last time. Business and government will again be unable to pay its bills using revolving credit.
So, with all this said (and take it for what it is, a perspective from an anonymous person on the web), I think that an hourly worker with no existing assets will be at high risk. Here's another example, 2 true stories. The three guys I mention here are all in their 40s.
1) I have one friend who had a very small furniture moving business. And he hired one of our other friends as an hourly worker. When the economy started to fail, my friend who owned the business had to lay off the hourly guy. The hourly guy moved out of his apartment and back in with his parents. As the economy tanked, the guy who owned the business had to close it down, sold his 2 trucks to a furniture store, and he now works hourly for the furniture store, delivering the furniture. When he closed his business, he had to also sell his home, and move into something much, much smaller.
2) Another friend has been working in high tech for 20 years. He'd been contributing to a 401k for all of that time. Not rich, definitely not poor. When the economy tanked, he got laid off. He was able to dip into his 401k to pay the mortgage. It took a while, but he found a new job, and now he's fine. He had enough assets to ride it out. He didn't lose his home, and as the market recovered, his 401k has grown, although it is lower because he had to pull from it for a while.
My point is that only those with existing assets have a chance to ride out something like this. It will be painful for those with assets, but the economy will recovery at some point, it always does. So they question in, how much do you need to be able to ride it out?
The wealthy have more assets. Their ability to ride out a disaster is greater than those in the middle class or those making only hourly wages.
I think this is also why companies are slower to hire at this time. They are hoarding cash to protect themselves from future economic problems.
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