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The Senate, for example, is biased towards rural, sparsely populated, conservative states. Also, when the Constitution was written, the ratio of largest to smallest state was 12:1. Today, it is 70:1.
The Electoral College also gives more weight to those states by granting two votes for Senators in addition to the votes that Congressional districts represent. 153 electoral votes from the states of the old Confederacy, plus votes from border states and the West, basically ensures a conservative advantage in Presidential elections.
Also biased is the House of Representatives, which is skewed against urban (Democratic) voters. Even if the two parties are tied nationally, the GOP gets 50 more seats than the Democrats.
Finally, state redistricting schemes end up promoting the concentration of Democratic seats and the expansion of Republican districts.
These institutional aspects already make it an uphill battle for liberals in American politics. We've had victories, past and present, in spite of our system, not because of it.
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