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It's not COMMON to have an engine fail. I've got close to 3,000 hours flying, and hundreds if not thousands of sorties logged. I've shut down or had engines fail five times in my career. So it's not common, but it does happen, especially with some of the older aircraft.
I flew UH-1 Hueys at first, and those are single-engine helicopters...never had an engine fail, but I only flew them for 3 years and only logged about 300 hours flying them.
Then I went through fixed-wing pilot training, and following that I flew C-21 Learjets for 3 years, and logged about 1,000 hours flying those. I had to shut an engine down once, for a false fire indication.
Now, I fly C-130s, and most of the C-130s I've flown are C-130Es, which were made from 1961 to 1964. They are old, but they also have four engines instead of two. I've shut down or lost an engine on the C-130 four times, and I've got over 1,000 hours flying them.
So while it's not common to have an engine failure, it does happen, and over a period of years, I've collected almost a half-dozen no-kidding engine failure experiences. I do have friends who have flown for as long as I have (in other aircraft) that have NEVER lost an engine. But the C-130 is well known for engine shutdowns. Very old technology, old airplanes...it happens with them much more frequently than in other aircraft, such as the KC-10, C-17 or the F-15, etc.
So it's the wording...if losing an engine were common, I'd have hundreds of such stories, but it's not common. But for a typical pilot, I've had to do it more than others.
Regarding practice engine failures, we don't shut the engine down. We reduce the power of an engine to idle to simulate losing that engine. In some cases, in the C-130, we actually shut engines down...it's called a Cruise Engine Shutdown, and we can do it for Functional Check Flights (following major maintenance to ensure the engine works like it's supposed to, and that it can airstart like it's supposed to), and also for certain other system malfunctions, like if an engine-driven hydraulic pump goes bad. The Cruise Engine Shutdown sets the engine up to be restarted later in flight. The C-130 restarts engines while airborne using an airstart procedure, using the slipstream to turn the propeller and thus start the engine. There is no electric starter motor on a C-130.
But for practice 3-engine landings (or as in the C-21 and other aircraft I've flown, single-engine landings), the "failed" engine is still operating, it's just at idle power.
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