Open new leases (oil companies "lease" rights off shore from the governments - State and Federal) or allow slant drilling from existing drilling operations.
Offshore drilling is done from platforms off the coast, oil is loaded on to tankers or piped onshore.
Galveston:
Alaska:
Santa Brabara:
The danger is primarily environmental. Here in CA the Santa Barbara spill set a standard of opposition that will likely hold for generations.
1969 Oil Spill
source:
http://www.silcom.com/~sbwcn/spill.shtml (current as of 5/03)
On the afternoon of January 29, 1969, an environmental nightmare began in Santa Barbara, California. A Union Oil Co. platform stationed six miles off the coast of Summerland suffered a blowout. Oil workers had drilled a well down 3500 feet below the ocean floor. Riggers began to retrieve the pipe in order to replace a drill bit when the "mud" used to maintain pressure became dangerously low. A natural gas blowout occurred. An initial attempt to cap the hole was successful but led to a tremendous buildup of pressure. The expanding mass created five breaks in an east-west fault on the ocean floor, releasing oil and gas from deep beneath the earth.
For eleven days, oil workers struggled to cap the rupture. During that time, 200,000 gallons of crude oil bubbled to the surface and was spread into a 800 square mile slick by winds and swells. Incoming tides brought the thick tar to beaches from Rincon Point to Goleta, marring 35 miles of coastline. Beaches with off-shore kelp forests were spared the worst as kelp fronds kept most of the tar from coming ashore. The slick also moved south, tarring Anacapa Island's Frenchy's Cove and beaches on Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa and San Miguel Islands.
Now that the oil market has hit an historical high, the pressure from the companies is intense for more leases. They're advocating while the pain at the pump is nationwide. And doing so effectively.
Hope this answers a bit of your query. pinto