excellent article on the physiology of Senator Johnson's medical condition from MSNBC)
Sen. Johnson's stroke: 'Like a leak in the dike'
NBC's Dr. Nancy Snyderman on Sen. Tim Johnson's surgery and recovery
MSNBC
By Jane Weaver
Health editor
MSNBC
Updated: 28 minutes ago
Q. It’s reported that Sen. Johnson underwent surgery for a congenital arteriovenous malformation, or AVM. What is that? Did it cause a stroke?
A: He did have a stroke. He had a hemorrhage into his brain and it was caused by this abnormal collection of blood vessels which is known as an arteriovenous malformation. It’s just what the name says — the arteries come into the brain and go from biggest to smallest and abruptly dump blood into this mishmash of veins that really looks like a bunch of tangled rubber bands. The problem is, the pressure in an artery is so much greater than the pressure in a vein, so over time that pressure pounds on the wall of these weird veins and causes them to leak. It’s like having a leak in the dike.
The symptoms the senator showed yesterday were not a result of the AM sitting there all these years. It was a result of the blood leaking into his brain.
Q. It seems like they caught it quickly. Is that a good thing or has the damage already been done?
A: It’s phenomenal. Hats off to the Capitol Hill doctor for recognizing that this was a big deal and getting him to the right center
. There is a three-hour magic window because the brain can only be cut off from oxygen for so long. If you can diagnose and treat within three hours the brain has a phenomenal chance of rebounding. If you wait longer, the brain tissue can literally die.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16205413/from/RS.1/