It wasn't always like this, y'know. The Guardian UK newspaper, when
it was known as The Manchester Guardian, used to love Israel, &
were 'ardently philo-semitic'.
___________________
"What became of Zion?
Bryan Cheyette assesses Daphna Baram's study of the Guardian's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Disenchantment
Saturday July 24, 2004
The Guardian
Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel
by Daphna Baram
296pp, Guardian, £17.99
>snip
Daphna Baram, a young Israeli journalist, has been commissioned to answer the charges of anti-semitism and anti-Zionism (not the same thing) and she traces the paper back to its radical Quaker roots. CP Scott, who ran the Manchester Guardian for more than half a century from 1872, set the tone with his ardent philo-semitism. A chance meeting with the prominent Manchester-based Zionist, Chaim Weizmann, led Scott to help instigate the Balfour declaration of 1917. This triumph of British imperial double-speak promised both a "national homeland for the Jewish people" in Palestine and the maintenance of the "civil and political rights" of the "communities" in the area. The Jews of eastern Europe, migrating to western Europe and the US, were rightly regarded by Scott as a persecuted minority who needed protecting. His dream was that Palestine would become an "Asiastic Belgium in the hands of the Jews".
Later editors were equally philo-semitic. As early as 1934, WP Crozier helped to expose the true nature of Nazi concentration camps in contrast to the supporters of appeasement. By 1942, the paper was warning that Hitler "aims literally at the extermination of the Jews in Europe so far as his hand can reach them". After the war, AP Wadsworth remained reluctantly pro-Zionist - even after the 1946 Irgun bombing of the British military headquarters in the King David Hotel that killed more than 90. With the hanging of two British sergeants in 1947, causing anti-Jewish riots in some British cities, he called for British troops to leave Palestine. At the same time, he continued to view the illegal infiltration by refugees from Nazism into Palestine as heroic and just. With the Suez crisis of 1956, and the six-day war of 1967, Israel could no longer be regarded as a country made up of passive victims in need of the Guardian's liberal embrace.
As a student of Avi Shlaim, the exemplary revisionist historian, Baram is well-equipped to understand the realities of Israeli military power in these conflicts. But her potted histories of these wars are sometimes one-eyed. Israel, even in 1947, can only ever be seen, from her contemporary perspective, as the dominant regional power. The problem for Baram, with her acknowledged Israeli "bias", is that she has something of a tin ear when it comes to the experiences of Jews as a minority in the diaspora.
The "disenchantment" of the Guardian is largely due to the limits of its liberal philo-semitism once Jews could no longer be loved primarily for their victimhood. When it became clear, after 1967, that the creation of Israel had given rise to another set of victims, the Palestinians, Jews could no longer be unequivocally embraced. By the time of the Lebanon war of 1982, and the Sabra and Shatila massacre in Beirut that killed nearly 2,000, Israel was well on the way to achieving its current dubious status as the pariah state of the left. The rise and rise of the radical right in Israel, embodied by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon, simply reinforced this perception. But the often-expressed expectation (in the Guardian's letters pages) that Jews should behave differently because of their suffering exposes the weakness of such moralising. Persecution, it seems, is meant to lead to better human beings.
Baram's detailed interviews with most of the key Guardian players in relation to Israel since the 1970s are what make the book fascinating and worthwhile. There are many colourful stories: Arthur Koestler's coverage of the internal military conflict in Israel just after the formation of the state; Martha Gellhorn's extended reports after her famous stint in Vietnam; Eric Silver and David Hirst coming to blows in the American Colony Hotel in east Jerusalem"
http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1267256,00.html