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with a little help from Google.
1. The most common complication of pregnancy is spontaneous abortion. Spontaneous abortion is categorized as threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, or missed. Abortion can be categorized further as sporadic or recurrent. By definition, a missed abortion is in utero death of the embryo or fetus before the 20th week of gestation with retained products of conception. Missed abortions also may be referred to as blighted ovum, anembryonic pregnancy, or fetal demise.
The term 'abortion' in medicine is not the same as is applied in laymen's conversation. When they talk of 'missed abortion' they're not speaking of a procedure that was intentionally undertaken to end a pregnancy. They are speaking of the expulsion of a fetus by usually natural unaided means. It's in the same way the term is applied to 'aborting a mission.' It ceases of it's own accord, or the pregnancy is for some reason terminated. Abortion is the term used when the pregnancy ends before there is a viable fetus.
2. There are two types of molar pregnancy, complete and partial. Complete molar pregnancies have only placental parts (there is no baby), and form when the sperm fertilizes an empty egg. Because the egg is empty, no baby is formed. The placenta grows and produces the pregnancy hormone, called HCG, so the patient thinks she is pregnant. Unfortunately, an ultrasound (sometimes called a sonogram) will show that there is no baby, only placenta. A partial mole occurs when 2 sperm fertilize an egg. Instead of forming twins, something goes wrong, leading to a pregnancy with an abnormal fetus and an abnormal placenta. The baby has too many chromosomes and almost always dies in the uterus. Thus, molar pregnancies are “accidents of nature” that are not anyone’s fault. They are not caused by behavior, but they are more common in older women and in certain geographic locations. Also, although most molar pregnancies occur after a miscarriage, some occur after an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy or even a normal delivery.
3. D&C is The 'Dilation and Curettage' Procedure can be required for several reasons. If a miscarriage has occurred then some tissue may remain in the uterus that needs to be removed to avoid infection. In the case of a molar pregnancy (mole) the tissue must be removed as completely as possible to avoid continued growth of the material. In both of these cases, a general anaesthetic is normally used. A hospital visit is required but there is usually no need for an overnight stay.
The D&C procedure can also be used by doctors for other reasons such as the detection of fibroids or for discovery of hormonal imbalances or to look for other reasons for abnormal bleeding. In these cases a local anaesthetic can sometimes be used and the procedure may be performed in a clinic or doctor’s office instead of the hospital.
As for whether they cry and your usual choice of 'missed abortion' in this matter, that's individual and varies. It's emotionally distressing to miscarry, to find you've a molar pregnancy. It's not physically a major discomfort, so the answer will depend on the woman, her support network and the circumstance.
4. one of the most common causes of membranes rupturing too soon (prematurely) is a bacterial infection that is damaging the strength of the membranes. Whether this is the most common reason depends on what hospital I am at. The risk of infection varies with different patient populations who may have different risks and behaviors that may infection more or less likely to complicate a pregnancy. If there's no infection, the next most common cause is a blood flow problem. If you don't get nutrients and oxygen to the membranes via proper blood flow, then the membranes will become weak. If the membranes did not rupture before labor began, then a reproductive pathologist will look for the reason labor started. Often, many of the same things that can cause the membranes to rupture spontaneously can cause the uterus to contract.
Prolonged membrane rupture is considered a risk for the development of intramniotic infection (infection in the amniotic fluid around the baby, that the baby floats in, breathes into its lungs, and swallows). However there are often signs that the membrane rupture was caused by the infection. Often it takes 24 hours for the infection to progress up the cervical canal to the point where it's clinically detectable.
Membrane rupture has a risk of happening again and the cause tends to remain the same in the same woman. For example, if your membranes ruptured prematurely in one pregnancy due to bacterial infection it is reasonable that a good component of your risk for future membrane rupture ought to be related to bacterial infection.
'Unruptured' isn't a word and if I understand what you're saying it isn't a possibility. Depending on the stage of the pregnancy and the reason for the rupture, however, a healthy delivery can still be possible. The further along the pregnancy, the thinner the membrane.
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