http://www.spjwash.org/access/grnd.htm http://www.udayton.edu/~grandjur/stategj/kentucky_secre... The Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 6(e)(3)(C)(i) does provide that the disclosure of matters otherwise prohibited by Rule 6 of matters occurring before the grand jury may be made when so directed by a court "preliminary to or in connection with a judicial proceeding." U.S. v. Sells Engineering, Inc., supra; U.S. v. Baggot, 463 U.S. 476 (1983). This rule allows disclosure upon a strong showing of "particularized need" in civil cases, including bankruptcy adversary proceedings. In re Shenker, 157 B.R. 21 (E.D. Mo. 1993). It may also extend to certain administrative hearings if they are preliminary to judicial proceedings. Attorney disciplinary hearings are included in this exception. Matter of Federal Grand Jury Proceeding, 760 F.2d 436 (2d Cir. 1985).
It is the responsibility of each grand juror to maintain the secrecy of the grand jury's proceedings. This means that the grand jurors should discuss grand jury matters only within the grand jury meeting room. Grand jurors can only be released from their permanent obligation to keep the grand jury proceedings secret by order of a judge.
While this Court has discretion, and the rule provides that this Court could release the proceedings, it is essential to understand that the only reasons this Court has been given this authority are to prevent potential perjury, to address allegations of malfeasance within the Grand Jury itself or to release information if the proceedings are connected with another judicial proceeding. It is important to understand in a Grand Jury investigation that there are no rules governing testimony or the questions asked by the jurors. Thus, witnesses may freely offer hearsay evidence, evidence that could be suppressed because of the exclusionary rule, and opinion evidence. There is little necessity to establish a foundation for the proffered testimony. It is also imperative to recognize that testimony before the grand jury may also be unreliable in that the accused has no opportunity to confront the witnesses against him.
Obviously, grand jury proceedings may be seen as a two-edged sword; the proceedings permit charges to be brought without substantial evidence, and an indictment may thus be returned against an individual who will later be found not guilty by a petit jury. Conversely, the grand jury investigation is often used to protect those individuals who should not be charged with an indictable offense.
When a grand jury permits the accused to testify, it gives the accused the right to explain his actions and to offer any defenses he/she might have. Often, the accused, if he presents himself correctly, can obtain sympathy from twelve people which will result in a No True Bill. After all, the accused need only convince four people of his innocence to avoid indictment. Still, if the accused testifies the prosecutor may obtain testimony from the him which may implicate him as to the charges being brought or in perjury charges, if it can be discovered that he is not testifying truthfully (nowhere is this truism more keenly illustrated than in the Mel Ignatow cases).
So it is that while grand jury proceedings are far from perfect, they provide the Commonwealth invaluable opportunities to seek justice for its citizens. However, the limitations of the system, as noted above, are part and parcel of why the United States Supreme Court and the lower Courts of this nation have shrouded the grand jury proceedings in confidentiality. It is this Courts belief that the intent of our criminal rule was never to permit the wholesale release of Grand Jury testimony at the whim of the Grand Jury Judge, and while the Court has discretion in this area, exercising that discretion would set a dangerous precedent for potential abuse. While there are cases that have been decided in other jurisdictions that have released portions of grand jury proceedings, as a general rule these are specific requests for certain portions of the record which relate to civil or pending criminal matters or a showing of particularized or compelling need. In re Jessup Petition, Del., 136 A.2d 207 (1957); State v. Hartfield, Ore., 624 P.2d 588 (1981).
The United States Supreme Court reiterated this point in Douglas Oil Co. V.