Reply #95: Very interesting pat, but the theory only applies to

[Iceburg]

non-punch card counties. In Ohio, 70% of the counties used punch cards. That said there is a statistically signficant difference in the number of spoiled votes in Cuyahoga county (punch card) when one compares the non-cascading ballot order group to the cascading ballot order group (the group in which most of the votes are believed to have been shifted).

Most reputable articles on the residual theories wrt punch cards machines that I have read attribute the bulk of the % residuals to human factors ranging from machine maintenance procedures, ballot design to literacy of the voter.